Researchers from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences have meticulously analysed archaeological, botanical and isotopic data to construct a 2500-year timeline of human occupation at Vadnagar

 In the arid expanse of Gujarat’s Vadnagar, a recent study has unveiled the resilience of its agricultural economy throughout centuries of fluctuating monsoon rains. Conducted by researchers from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, the study meticulously analyses archaeological, botanical and isotopic data to construct a 2500-year timeline of human occupation at Vadnagar. The findings in Quaternary Science Advances offer insights into how ancient civilisations adapted to climate variations, presenting valuable lessons for contemporary climate change adaptation strategies.

The study reveals the region’s adaptive responses by examining dynastic transitions and crop production patterns during notable climate events like the Roman Warm Period, Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age. During the post-medieval period, coinciding with the Little Ice Age (1300-1900 CE), Vadnagar’s population sustained a robust crop economy, primarily centred around resilient C4 plants like millets, known for their climatic stress resistance. This adaptive approach reflects the community’s response to a prolonged weakening of the summer monsoon.

The multi-proxy study incorporates archaeobotanical evidence, including macro and micro botanical remains, alongside isotope and radiocarbon dating of grains and charcoal. This comprehensive methodology sheds light on the diversification of food crops and socio-economic practices that enabled ancient societies to navigate challenges posed by fluctuating precipitation and periods of drought.

Highlighting the importance of understanding historical climate patterns and human responses, the research suggests that past famines and societal collapses were influenced by climate deterioration and institutional factors. By enriching our knowledge of the past, the Vadnagar study provides historical precedents to inform future strategies for sustainable living in the face of climate uncertainty.