Achieving India’s clean air goals promises significant health gains, though challenges remain

Residents of 130 cities covered under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) could gain an average of two years in life expectancy if India achieves its revised target of a 40 per cent reduction in particulate pollution by 2026, according to a new study. 

Launched in 2019, NCAP initially sought a 20–30 per cent cut in 2017 particulate levels by 2024, before the government raised the target to 40 per cent by 2026. Thus far, 25 cities have achieved the goal, 64 have recorded progress, and 22 now meet India’s national ambient air standards. However, most continue to fall short of the World Health Organisation’s guidelines.

Researchers highlight that full compliance with WHO norms could increase life expectancy for Indians by 3.5 years. The health dividend from cleaner air underscores the urgency of sustained action against sources such as vehicle emissions, industrial output, construction dust and open burning.

Policy measures under NCAP include stricter emissions controls, cleaner fuels, renewable integration and improved monitoring. Experts stress that stronger enforcement, better coordination and investment in clean technologies will be critical for India to meet its targets and ensure sustainable urban development.