By prioritising nature-based solutions, investing in renewable energy, and promoting community-driven conservation, the country is paving the way for a sustainable future

As the world observes World Wildlife Day, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s reaffirmation of India’s commitment to biodiversity conservation and ecological sustainability stands as a testament to the country’s proactive approach to environmental protection. His visit to Gir National Park today and reflections on the resurgence of the Asiatic lion serve as a powerful reminder of how dedicated policy interventions, community participation, and sustainable development efforts can yield remarkable results in conservation. This momentous occasion also brings to mind the book Climate Action India, co-authored by Tuhin A. Sinha and Kaviraj Singh, which has received an official recommendation from Union Minister Kiren Rijiju. The book underscores India’s multifaceted initiatives to harness nature-based solutions for sustainability, resilience to climate change, and environmental conservation.

India’s Conservation Model: A Holistic Approach
India has taken pioneering steps to restore ecosystems, conserve wildlife, and promote afforestation. The National Afforestation Programme (NAP) is a prime example, aiming to rejuvenate degraded forests while increasing green cover. Protected areas, including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves, form the backbone of India’s biodiversity conservation. Additionally, key legislative frameworks like the Wildlife Protection Act and the National Biodiversity Action Plan reinforce these efforts.

However, what truly sets India apart is the integration of local communities in conservation programs. Initiatives such as the Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme have empowered communities to engage in sustainable forest management, ensuring that economic incentives align with conservation goals. The role of tribal communities and women, particularly in regions like Gir, highlights how inclusive participation is crucial for sustaining biodiversity.

The Environmental Cost Of Traditional Fuels And the Need For Renewable Solutions
The relentless exploitation of fossil fuels has led to severe environmental consequences. The emissions from burning coal, oil, and natural gas have been a leading cause of air pollution, acid rain, and climate change. Coal combustion, for instance, releases toxic metals like mercury and lead, contaminating both air and water. Additionally, oil spills from extraction and transportation have caused irreparable damage to aquatic ecosystems.

A transition towards renewable energy and nature-based solutions is imperative. India’s commitment to expanding solar, wind, and bioenergy solutions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) exemplifies its dedication to clean energy transitions.

Green Urbanisation: Nagar Van Yojana And CAMPA’s Role
Recognising the importance of urban biodiversity, the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) launched the Nagar Van Yojana (NVY) in 2020. With the goal of establishing 400 urban forests and 200 ‘nagar vatikas’ by 2025, this initiative utilises funds from the National Compensatory Afforestation Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) to enhance urban green spaces. These projects aim to mitigate the urban heat island effect, improve air quality, and boost biodiversity in metropolitan areas.

Additionally, compensatory afforestation programs are being implemented to counterbalance deforestation caused by developmental projects. The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016, ensures that every hectare of forestland diverted for non-forestry purposes is replenished with new afforestation measures, making industrial expansion more ecologically responsible.

Carbon Trading And Green Cover Expansion
India is also leveraging market-driven solutions such as carbon trading to encourage afforestation. Programs like REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) and afforestation-based carbon credits provide economic incentives for conservation efforts. By integrating carbon trading into national sustainability plans, India is not only reducing emissions but also expanding forest cover, reinforcing its global leadership in climate action.

As countries accelerate their transition to net-zero emissions, nature-based solutions like afforestation, wetland restoration, and agroforestry will play a crucial role. These efforts underscore the dual benefits of carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation.

Sustainable Agroforestry: A Model For Resilient Agriculture
Agroforestry, which integrates trees into agricultural landscapes, has gained traction as a sustainable practice benefiting both farmers and ecosystems. The Sub-Mission on Agroforestry (SMAF) promotes tree-based farming models, improving soil health, water retention, and carbon sequestration. The financial viability of agroforestry has also been enhanced through carbon credit mechanisms, allowing farmers to monetise their contributions to climate mitigation.

Reviving Aquatic Ecosystems Through The NPCA
The National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems (NPCA) is another vital intervention aimed at protecting and restoring wetlands, lakes, and other aquatic habitats. Healthy aquatic ecosystems are crucial for biodiversity conservation, water security, and sustainable livelihoods. The government’s active involvement in lake rejuvenation and wetland conservation through NPCA ensures the long-term survival of critical water bodies.

A Future Built On Sustainable Development
India’s commitment to conservation and climate resilience is evident in its multi-pronged approach. From grassroots participation in wildlife protection to large-scale afforestation programs, India is demonstrating that economic growth and environmental stewardship can go hand in hand.

On this World Wildlife Day, as Prime Minister Narendra Modi underscores the importance of conservation, India must continue to harness its ecological wealth responsibly. By prioritising nature-based solutions, investing in renewable energy, and promoting community-driven conservation, the country is paving the way for a sustainable future. As the world grapples with the twin crises of climate change and biodiversity loss, India’s model offers hope and inspiration for global environmental action.

About Author: Anil Agrawal is a former Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, and the Chancellor of HRIT University. With extensive experience in public policy, governance, and education, he has been a strong advocate for economic development, social welfare, and higher education reforms in India.